The Brightype Method

Brightype Method

Ludlow Typograph Company

2032 Clybourn Avenue, Chicago 14, Illinois

The
Brightype Method

^^■^''^cP'-*"'

<.^^

.tS^^'-xS

>Xt«'

Ludlow Typograph Company

2032 Clybourn Avenue, Chicago 14, Illinois

This booklet is reproduced by offset
utilizing Brightype throughout

Copyright 1960

by

Ludlow Typograph Company

4 BRIGHTYPE
LAYOUTS

1

EE^_LP^

o

Index

The Brightype Process
4 Brightype Layouts
Brightype Specification!
Work Organization .
Catalogs and Publica
Book Work

Product Iden
FORM PREPARATION
"Resist" — Definition — Rei
Howt,

Remc

ig Resi

Equipme
ss Plate Bru:

with Willow

Preparation'of Zinc Plates

Preparation of Magnesium Plates

Preparation of Copper Plates

Preparation of Ludlow

Negative Spray Method of Preparing Form

Spraying Form

of For.

y-Dull" Method ,
er Spray" Method , ,
ier Method (See No.

>r Super Line Developers) ,

Fine Line Developer for 4-Color Proi

Loading Forms on Copyboai
Cleaning Negative Spray fro,
-- ' is for Lette

Curvi

; Letter!

is Piatt

c, Wood Cuts or Dycril Plates

Nickeled or Silvered Plates

Coating Kodaflat on Glass

Removing Kodaflat

Combining Camera Products with Letterpres
Mounting Film or Paper in Type Form , , . ,
Mounting Film Positives in Brightype Positr
EXPOSURE AND DEVELOPMENT

Exposure — Method of Determining

Development — Standard Method — Super

Life of Developer and Fixer

Strip Film

Brightype Paper

Kodalith Ortho Paper

Uses of Sensitized Paper _

Positive Stripping for Publication Work 1^-

Strip Film Positive

Brightype Camera used as Copy Camera

Shooting Out Strip Lines

"Sock" Proofs
Deep-Etch Positives from Black-and-White Copy
Wet Contact Printing ^^

Reversal — Positive to Negative !'>

DARKROOM TECHNIQUES

"Picker-Upper" '"'

ive- Working Plate—Not Deep-Etch 17,

.1 Mounted Cuts

te Type for T,

EC Type
Iodine Stock Solution
Electrotype Shell Convers

The Brightype Method

ther 1

arge eraser is rubbed over the surface of the form, re

mpbla

k and leaving the surface relatively bright. The form

ally a

is centered on the copyboard, and clamped in positior

are then masked with velour and magnets, so that no

ckgro

nd will appear on the film. The form is then raised to

is ready to photograph.

sitized

material is placed on either a vertical or horizontal

ing to whether right- or wrong-reading film or pape

Usually the vertical position is used for paper pr

al for

offset surface plates, and the horizontal position for c

letter

the in

rage to a horizontal position, and is lowered when the

'"time

Is set for sensitized material in use, and one button is

ols the lighting and exposure, after which the se

alisd

eveloped according to a fixed schedule of time and temf

BRIGHTYPE SPECIFICATIONS

Floor Space— See drawings of "4 Brightype Layouts'

Camera Dimens

ons-37" wid

ex 92'

lor

X 72"

high

Weight— Camer

a, 2000

bs. Total equ

?nt abou

t6200

lbs.

220V

ingle phase AC 3-wire

circu

t requ

red

This is

split

nto two

llOVcir

uits, with 30 an

chle

.Tran

for

mer may

be re

obtain th

e single-phase c

rrent.

WORK

ORGANIZATION

Catalogs

and Publicatio

sion of letterpre

byth

Brightype

Method

is faci

itated by

ndling and org

befo

.th?f

s reach t

y booth

Before

starting makeu

5 of ca

alog

on jobs

and halft

e thee

d have

all

he resist

ed. Thi

resist mu

t be rer^oved f

om all

uts, r

egardle

so

whethe

they

are to be

The printing surface of all forms should be clean and entirely free from
dried ink.

time to lock up forms, or whether the forms are to be delivered to this
department locked up in chases or on special end-lockup galleys. This
matter can be determined by the nature of the job. After the initial lockup
of a number of forms, the Brightype operator can exchange pages to be
processed for pages already processed.

On jobs such as book or publication work, the size of film to be used
should be determined before Brightype processing. By having the film
slightly larger than the bindery layout, so that an overlap occurs, it becomes

offset plate-making.

An economical method of handling publication work is to provide special

end-lockup galleys and lockup material, or to use adjustable end-locks on

galleys. Chases, of course, may be used.
^ End-lockup galleys are easily made from standard galleys by notching a

» %" square bar to engage shallow notches near end of galley.

Z The page then may be made up and locked up in the first handling, and

^ this eliminates tying and untying, and locking up on the Brightype stone.

^ When a page comes to the Brightype with resist removed from the cuts,

■^ and locked up, all that is necessary is to rub, spray and clean, and place

O 4^ take care of the thickness of the galley Separate films may be placed in

U ?* position to match galley or chase positions

O ^ This IS useful where pages are to be shot at random and not m any

1 2 <special order
■5 I— Ssook Work

^ Z <.J Book plates, which are usually 11 point electros, are mounted at least
Oe. 4-up on '4 " plywood boards. Use 1 or more boards at a time. Allow ample

O. margins between the plates so the pages can be cut apart for stripping.

*5 and a No. 4 tack is placed on the side opposite the gutter and driven into

•< place with a leather-headed mallet. Four tacks will hold four plates. Use

^ tack' extractor for demounting. Shoot plates in consecutive order as stored

in book boxes, which reduces the time of handling. Nothing is gained by

shooting plates to binder's layouts.

Spray background with Negative Spray and it will not be necessary to

Note: Best production is obtained h

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

the following abbreviations are used: "WR" for wrong-reading; "RR" for
right-reading.

When a film is printed down on metal, the emulsion is in contact with
the plate and away from the operator. Thus a deep-etch positive or roto-
gravure positive would be an "RR" positive. A negative made from an
"RR" positive for photoengraving would be a "WR" negative.

A film positive to be used in making a contact negative for o.ffset surface
plates would be a "WR" positive.

A black-and-white paper print for conventional paste-up work would be
an "RR" paper print, as the emulsion in this case faces the operator.

"RESIST"- DEFINITION -

-REMOVAL

Phot

Dengravers

^ed under'

pper, z

ncor

magr

which

s light-hare

a negative. The ir

nage is

develo

peda

nd th

backgrc

und etched to the proper depth. The

coating

whic

for

•ns th

image

nd preven

called a "resist."

Whe

n this coati

ng is blue, t

e resist is called a

"Cold Top"

and

nayb

d with "Cold Top Ren

over" or a wet b

te-bru

han

d FF

engrav

or the Ga
r will rem

CO Resist Re
3ve this befo

mover equipment
e delivery, if spec

zf

used

The

photc

Whe

n dark bro

a glue

or pi

which

las been he

at-treated an

d is'harder to rem

Dve tha

Cold Top

How

may be rer

noved with

wet brass brush

and FFF pun

rGac

Remov

r. The ph

toengraver will remove this before de

ivery.

if specified

Alternative Method:

Place cuts face-up on the stone and paint the Gaco Remover onto plate
with a cotton swab. Then place cuts face-down on the griddle, as abov
(do not slide cuts around on griddle or they may become scratched), wip
them off with rag under running water, and dry with air blast.

Removing Resist With Brass Plate-Brush

Wet the brush and charge it with FFF pumice, and rub the resist, whic
IS quickly removed. Rinse plate with water, and dry with air blast.
Removing Resist With Willow Charcoal Block

Resist also may be removed by wetting the charcoal block with wate
and rubbing the resist. This is an excellent method when carefully usee
on level plates. When plates are not level, use the brass brush. Rinse witl
water, and dry with air blast.

ZINC. After resist removal, zinc is prepared the same as type form;
However, zinc plates with resist removed sometimes come to the Brightyp
department in a badly-oxidized condition. Pumice or Kitchen Klenze
powder will usually produce a good reflective surface. When these fail, us^

Gaco and a clean red rubber. The highly alkaline Gaco is

removing zinc oxide.

MAGNESIUM. After resist removal, magnesium is prep

COPPER. After resist removal and before rubbing plates with red rubber
and/or pumice, apply a small amount of copper cleaner to the plate with a
cotton pledget, or a few drops on a red rubber pad. This removes all oxides,

LUDLOW. Ludlow sluglines should not be supersurfaced, and both

Ludlow and linotype display lines are best prepared when rubbed with an

elcctrotyper's rubber. Do not use electrotyper's rubber for text type.

NEGATIVE SPRAY METHOD OF PREPARING FORMS

Pre-Preparation
Resist must be removed from all cuts. See "RESIST REMOVAL."
Oxides must be removed from copper and zinc plates. See "COPPER"

and "ZINC."

Ink must be removed from form. New, unused electros should be wiped

with alcohol or lacquer thinner.

Spraying

Blow off any residue from form and spray with Negative Spray gun
adjusted to give a rather wet spray on the form. Be sure form is completely
covered. Some forms require turning to be sure spray covers leading

Use a red rubber to rub off the spray from image surface. This rubber
block becomes black and shiny, and keep it that way for this operation.
After most of the spray has been removed and blown off, go over the form
with a clean, freshly-sanded rubber.

Care must be taken with this operation so that background is not
removed from counters of type or from the background of highlight dots

If background has been removed, use an opaquing brush and a glass of
have had background removed, and then wipe again with rubber. Many

bee en o ed i o all p j^ fa e and al o o see that background

o e ed o 11 no 1 o on he fil

Note. Operations ot pre preparation, spraying, inspection and loading of

NEGATIVE SPRAY METHOD USING "SPRAY-DULL"

This method bonds the Negative Spray to the background so that forms
can be finally rubbed up with red rubber and/or pumice without rubbing
out background.

Use Blair "SPRAY-DULL" made by Blair Art Products, Memphis,
Tenn., and available at most art supply stores, or the Ludlow Typograph
Company. {Note: Krylon Dulling Spray is not suitable.)

Pre-prepare form in regular way. Before applying Negative Spray, use
the "Spray-Dull" all over the form. Wet a shop towel, wring out and
cover a rubber block. Wipe the printing surface with this damp pad to
remove the "Spray-Dull." Then use a paper-covered pad immediately to
wipe the form dry, and spray the form with Negative Spray according to
preceding instructions. If the Negative Spray sticks to image surface, it is
due to insufficient cleaning with damp pad and paper pad. The damp pad
may be used to remove such sticking coating.

This method is recommended for process color plates, shallow-etched
plates, nickelplates, worn vignettes and foundry type. The form or plates

"SPRAY-DULL" is water-soluble.

"WATER SPRAY" METHOD OF PREPARING TYPE FORMS

(Not recommended for combination forms)

Use L-type sprayer adjusted for very wet spray. Spray forms either in
spray booth or on stones. Push off most of coating from printing surface

After thorough drying, use clean red rubber and/or pumice to clean up.
Take to spray booth, blow off residue, inspect and load.

Overall elapsed time is greatest for this method, but unit time per job
is the least. Special material used is "Water Spray," obtainable in gallon

4-COLOR PROCESS TECHNIQUES

eaner.

Rub up plates w

ith

red

rubber

and/or

pumic

e. Spray plates

ith Bl

air "SPRAY-DULL"

de by B

air Ar

Proc

nets, Memphis,

nd available at m

pply sto

es, or the Ludlow Typograph

pray

ble. This spra

y coating bonds

eNeg

ative Spray to th

a shop towel anc

ngc

ut and c

libber

block. Use this

pri

iting surface

oveth

e "Spray-Dull."

Ther

use a paper-cove

red pad

the pla

edrv.

which must be

done

immediately afte

ng

the dam

p pad.

Ihen

spray the form

with

Negative Spray, a

ndv

i-.pe

off. The

plate ca

nthen

be rubbed with

Spray does not wipe

removed. If so, wash

Note

When job is finishe

remove the Negativ

No.

2 Process. Prepare pla

rh

der. The plate does n

r 10 t<

off the

little ]

s, then rub u

. with lacquer. Remove

cleaned. Set each plate
plate with red rubber
low well to originally

mplete. After plates are cleaned, spray them with Nega-
tive Spray, and wipe off.

No. 3 Process. Prepare plate in usual way, spray with Negative Spray,
and wipe off.

Note: All of above processes end up with a Negative Spray cc

ating IS

used
theb
gpla

alone with t
es by any of

e Fi
bove

e Dev^

nethods, fol
use of Fine Line Developer. It will be found that this de'
larger highlight dots than previous techniques. This is p
for photoengraving reproduction. It has been found po:
veloping time 10 to 15 seconds more than the chart calls f
slightly-larger highlight dots without materially cha
values. Use Super Line Developer for duplicating plate
Operator should be conversant with each of the thr
proper choice of process may be made. This depends upo

:. If lacquer
eloper, It will cause

^eloper will produce
particularly desirable
isible to increase de-

inging the shadow

""■ methods, so a

le plate

If the plates consist of large areas of highlight dots, t
the best choice. If the highlight areas are medium, the #1
best. Small areas of highlights indicate the #3 Process. I:
and rounded, either #1 or #2 Process should be used.

After preparing by any of the above methods, the dead
out with Negative Spray and opaquing brush. However,
be made from the positive for photoengraving purposes and the plate is to
be curved for web letterpress work, the dead metal should not be painted

Notes on 4-Color Process Plates

4-color process plates must be cleaned of resist, and are usually mounted
on % " plywood base, with No. 4 or No. 6 carpet tacks at edges of plate.

Mount each color of a 4-color set in the same place on the same base,
which insures correct size. More than one job may be shot at the same time

3, Estar or Cronar.
It with Negative Sp

stable

:e film

S

FINE LINE DEVELOPER
Technique : Agitate 20 seconds, 1

posure: Standard exposure, or 10% less.
X 14 Type 3 Film: Use 1 gallon Fine Line Developer
X 17 Type 3 Film: Use V/i gallons Fine Line Develop
X 20 Type 3 Film: Use 2 gallons Fine Line Developer

2'10"— 2' 15"— 2'20"— 2'25"— 2'30"— 2'35"— 2'40"— 2'45
2'55"— 3'00"— 3'05"— 3T0"— 3'15"— 3'20"— 3'25"— 3'30'
3'40"— 3'45"— 3'50"— 3'55"— 4'00"— DISCARD.

STRIPPING 4-COLOR POSITIVE

Eastman issues a Q sheet No. 102, which describes a meth(
a "blue" print-out image, suitable for stripping.

A blue-key print-out image is prepared by exposing PB oi
contact with the black-printer film. Both are placed in a v

is placed directly in the fixer, agitated until

POSTER WORK

4-color Bnghtype

positiv

esare

blown

up for poste

work and for

use

LOADING CAMERA

The copyboard i

adju

table

for the

ial:

.918" plus galley.

.918"

(type

-high);

156" plus '/

" (11-pt. elect

'/i" plywood); .065

plus

-color o

iginalsorot

her .065 etched

plat

on %" plywood).

Adjustment is m

deby

oose

ing the

ishin

the copyboard towa

dthe

ens.

The poir

ter is then r

Jpo

four knurled wheel
Note: Other height

whee

,and

is locked into posit

on by tighteni

ofpla

esm

ounted o

n plywood n

nay be used by

unde

laying the as

embly

toon

e of the

four height

shown above.

The form is usu

on the

copyboard.

In publication

more than one galle

unted on the

one time. Adj

stab

fingers on the copyboard

ill hold

ns or plywood

so they will not tip

mthe

n. The copyboard is contro

ledt

twill

gently i

osition and loc

in that position. Ex

posure

ism

debyp

ressing the

utton adjacent

totl

velour strips around the form to mask off the background, and these are
held in place with magnets or tape. Plates mounted on plywood are self-
masking when the spray coating extends well beyond the plates. Areas
difficult to mask may be painted with negative spray solution.

CLEANING NEGATIVE SPRAY FROM FORMS

Many plants have a reducer on the Brightype spray booth air line, so that
the spraying pressure is between 35-40 lbs. This is not adequate for clean-

hould be made on the mam air line, which |

purposes only.

The form is put

pray booth and brushec

using the high-pre

been t

eated with "Spray-Du

be put in cypress

d washed with water a

Hot-metal form

that a

e to be dumped do not

uld be used for clear
nth a hand brush w

FILMS FOR LETTERPRESS PLATES

Film positives are made and stripped up the same as for deep-etch or
positive-working plates. They are then contacted to letterpress negatives
for use in making powderless-etch, Dycril or photo-sensitive plastic plates.

If pasted-up or black-and-white copy is provided, the negative is made
in the horizontal position for photoengraving.

If a letterpress form is to be converted to a positive for direct use in
making a photoengraving by the Pitman Verse Print Method or the Chemco
Direct Method, the positive is made in the vertical position.

Photoengraved plates are made from Brightype conversions, curved and
attached to web letterpress, by direct means and bv use of double-sided
tapes on saddles. Curving is be;ing done by Ostrander-Seymour Vertical

Patton. Probably other equipments have been made available for this

PLASTIC, WOOD CUTS OR DYCRIL

2. Spray thoroughly.

3. Clean off spray w

ith smooth blackenec

rubber.

4. Rub clean red ru

ber on galley contain

ing Sleight Me

Aluminum Powde

r No. 422, thus impreg

natingtherubb

and apply generoc

sly to surface of cuts

or plates.

5. Use strong air bla

t, and blow off. This

will remove al

powder except tha

rubbed into the print

ng image, as th

to the negative sp

ay when used as inst

ructed above.

1

NICKELED OR SILVERED PLATES

When these mirror-Uke surfaces are to be combined with other printing
elements, they must be well rubbed with pumice.

If the plates are to be shot alone and not pumiced, the exposure may be
reduced by one-third.

If such plates cover the lYi" area in the center of the copyboard, they

be under-exposed, as the mirror-like surface does not reflect much light to

n electi

itype 1

end of

trot

gh so It

vill hold liqmd

witho

ut leakin

Plac

eth

glass pla

e vertically aga

e wall, w

nd insid

the tro

ugh

Do

hake the

Kodaflat. It sho

uldno

t be cold. Quickly pou

Kodafla

genero

usly

along the

top edge of th

e glass

so the er

overed. I

will d

y be reco

ered by pou

ring bac

into th

Plac

wspapers

against a wall

et the re

ently-coated glass ver

tically

agai

nst the w

11 to draip ont

ther

ewspaper

Old

Koc

aflat plat

es may be reac

with m

thyl-ethyl-ke

1. Pat thi

lightly over t

e Kodaflat. Ho

cloth wi

also re

ate Koda

at.

nail

plunger t

ype insect spra

with gla

s cup can al

o be use

to coa

an

ivate the Kodaflat.

REIMOVING KODAFLAT

Plac

gla

ss m cypr

ess sink and scr

apem

ost of the

old Kodaflat

off with

METHODS OF COMBINING LINE AND HALFTONE
CAMERA PRODUCTS WITH A LETTERPRESS FORM

Alum'mizing (Patented)

Line or halftone negatives may be laterally-reversed by making an aut
positive from them. This autopositive may be sprayed with Krylon Silv

and vacuum frame required).
Diazo Method

A line or halftone nega
ALBK, made by Technif

Paper Method , „ . ,

I ine or halftone negatives may be made directly on Bnghtype paper
mstead of film. These paper negatives are^ reflective and are laterally-

MOUNTING FILM OR PAPER IN TYPE FORM

F.lm nr naner ran be mounted on pressboard with rubber cement or spray
adh:!:rve"ir rholTf mountm^g on high material are used. A coup^
of pieces of double-sided Scotch tape are placed on back of him or press^
board. Drop a couple of drops of negative spray thinner on the tape ana
press into place in the form, or scrape of? area in orm and spray wi h spray
adhesive, also spray back of film, or paper or pressboard and press into place.
Shiny siJrfaees should be sprayed generously with Krylon Dulling Spray,
Mounting in Form

Recommended adhesives are double-sided transparent Scotch tape; Quik
Stick, a spray-on adhesive made by Maker Products, In
Hudson, N. Y.; or Anchor-it, a spray-on adhesive made by l
ical Co., Brooklyn, N.Y. These adhesives may be obtained 1
or the Ludlow Typograph Company.

nchor Chen

ided

sprayn

_^._, _n adhesi
The Technis

spray-on adhesi
Use high w.

height, an4 aft

Bnghtype Paper may be used c
IS prepared the coating can b

r applymg

Scotch tape on the back of the nega
Negative Spray Thinner on the Sec

-e negat

ly thin

n. Use Krylon Dulling Spray on these

although users report that it does not have to
HOW TO DETERMINE EXPOSURE

about i" away from center of copyboard. Take time to get fresh developer
at 68°F. Use Type 3 film. Lens setting F27. Place "/z" film strips in position
between vertical plate and plate stops.

Somewhere on the halftone you will find a group of middle-tone dots
similar to No. 1— Normal above.

in No. 1 become heavy as in No. 2, then the film is overexposed. If the
dots show a greater disconnection as in No. 3, then underexposure is in-
dicated. By changing exposure so that the film matches the plate, the cor-

exposui

n horiz

osition, adding about 10%

to the exposure time. Cha

ngethis

expos

on. You now have two has
or horizontal position.

Lens setting for general
lore diagonally should use

required for F32 setting.

c exposures. One for vertica

un of work is F27. Forms
lens setting of F32. 50% m

position
ore expo

'and'
g 24"

SUPER LINE DEVELOPER

Dete

■dfilm

xedingi

as per prec
:h Ortho Type 3, Acetate, PB, Estar, Strip Film-
sure— Super Line Developer— Still-development per chart.
Brightype Paper^>ne-half of standard exposure— Super Line Developer

Still-Devel

e Develope:

76°F

1 53 se

iroughly wetted, after which the film and developer a

• 11 •

USEFUL LIFE OF ONE GALLON OF DEVELOPER AND
FIXER - KODALITH

Developer About 36 sheets of 8 x 10 positix

Fixer , .

About 50 sheet

of 8 X 10 pos

tives

Note: Che

micals should be

mixed t

le day before usir

g-

STRIP FILM USES

Strip fil

ed on the emu

Ision

side with

Potdevin coating

machin

dipped in hot

or with th

e new spray adhe

ives. It

an be used by the

artist for mou

iting

rk, or for maps a

nd forir

d words or bio

ckof

copy wkh

a sharp knife, w

themu

f the

strip film

knife.

With eri

ciulsion down, pla

ethefi

burnish the ba

ckof

the area t

Lift the

film sideways, st

where the

strip film was loo

sened, a

nd the rubbed are

nthe

th the

ackground. The

waxed film wi

1 not

adhere exc

ept where it is rubbed.

This m

thod is faster tha

n positi

suing the usual b

ack-and-white

copy.

The sharp

photographic im

membrane, an

will

ds by moving the

film than to n

with tweezers.

When

■e the c

opy block out the

background.

efore

waxing sp

ray the strip film

with 111

nois Bronze Co. »

hite gloss coat

ngin

Anothe

use of strip film

s to ma

« a positive halftc

ne by contact v

vitha

The str

egative, emulsion
p film may then

bcTri'pped'emulsion to

emulsion while

wet.

t Brightype positi

on PB, Estar or Cronar base.

Thism
any imag

ethod makes it possible to
on the Brightype positiv

strip halftones as
, such as credit li

closely as wan

edto

BRIGHTYPE PAPER

one-half of standa

ure and still-develo

p per chart, in

Super

Line Dev

loper. Process as c

8° as possible. Fix

as rapidly as PC

do not

wash longer than

2 minutes. Squ

eegee

face-down

on light table, a

up to dry by the

If objec

tionable curiing o

ccurs, p

ace between blott

ers and' run th

ough

flXnsTh

ge side away fron

This gives a rever

e curl, which u

sually

Thene

e paper.

w spray adhesives

such as

Anchor-it and Qu

k-Stick are pre

erred

Rubber cement

nay be

used after lightly

sanding the ba

ckof

KODALITH ORTHO PAPER

Kodalith Ortho Paper is used whe

le paper

with

Place the paper face-down on the dryer apron, with the dryer set for 2
feet per minute at 200°F.

Do not develop the paper in developer that has been used for film, as
this tends to stain the paper if much film has been processed. Film may be
developed after paper development without trouble.

It is recommended that as many jobs as can conveniendy be locked up
in a chase or on a galley be photographed together to reduce the time per

USES OF PAPER

possible for jobs requiring paste-up, and is smear
Another use of paper is to photograph halfton.

negative may be mounted in a letterpress form
with the type.

POSITIVE STRIPPING FOR PUBLICATION WORK

The most economical method of handling publications is to make up
each page on an end-lockup galley, and then lock the page on the galley

Where halftones are to appear, the form should be blanked out as is
usually done. The halftone negatives are made in the usual manner, and a
contact print is made from them on thm base film by first floppmg the
negatives. The end result is a laterally-reversed positive halftone which has

may be handled economically by exposing a batch of films at a time. The
■' ' ' ■ 'is halftone positive to the Brightype

c. This

gumi

; of the 1

■med

itone by
side up) and hold-

image on the Brightype posit

e Brightype positive may be made on PE

flopped, a

The halftone as photographed is always slightly larger than the space
is to occupy. This requires cutting into the halftone image, and when th
is done, no hard edge appears and no stopping out around the edges
required. Of course with this method no opaquing is involved.

itive for stripping, use strip film for work that
It is necessary to use PB, Estar or Cronar film for the Brightype positive.
BRIGHTYPE CAMERA USED AS A COPY CAMERA

i to be opaqued. This
rapidly several methoc

2. The plywood is covered with strips of double-sided Scotch tape, which
holds paper copy in position.

3. The plywood is coated with black lacquer to act as a wood filler. The
surface is then sprayed with "Quik-Stick," made by Maker Products Co.,
or Anchor-it, made by Anchor Chemical Co., which work somewhat

4. Some customers use a vacuum copy holder on the copyboard.

Note: The copy cannot be covered with glass, as this would reflect the
moving light source. Shiny copy may be treated with Krylon Dulling
Spray. It may also be dulled by wiping with a pledget of cotton
charged with FFF pumice.
Any of above assemblies should be underlaid so they are type-high. Use
two mounted type-high cuts and straight edge to determine underlay.
"Sock" Proofs

Reproduction proofs made with an extra sheet of pressure cause a halo
around the image when photographed with fixed lighting.

The Brightype moving light source creates no shadows when such dented
proofs are photographed, and results are uniform and sharp.

POSITIVES FROM BLACK-AND-WHITE COPY
(Lateral Reversal)

Negatives from black-and-white copy in the horizontal position make it
possible to produce deep-etch positives by contacting emulsion to emulsion.

gives uniform results.

WET CONTACT METHOD

Stable Base Films - such as PB, Estar and Cronar

Dense negatives requiring minimum opaquing are made by this method,
which gives better contact than by vacuum, and avoids the static dust and
dirt accumulation on the glass of a vacuum frame.

Soak a sheet of unexposed film in clean water for one-half minute. Make

sheets onto the light table (use a paper towel on left' edge of film to prevent
film from slipping while using the squeegee). Expose for 20 seconds at
7 feet under the special contact-printing lamp. Develop as usual— 3 min-
utes still-development— fix, and wash.
Acetate Film

Dry the positive first, then wet the positive and unexposed film together,
and proceed as above. This will control the size.

(Another method of controlling the size is to soak the unexposed film

light table and develop it in
The film may also be sque

REVERSAL METHOD

nethod of reversing a Brightype positive into a negati
making of a negative by wet contact is preferred.

Use two trays— one for developer a
Put R2 Photoflood lamp in place of
Make up the following Etch Bath:
A. Copper Nitrate, 200 grams

B may be added as a replenisher.

Develop in Kodalith Developer for usual 3 minutes by stiU-devel.

Wash for 30 seconds.

Place in above etch bath for 2 minutes. After the first 15 secot

Wash for 30 seconds. Examine closely at this time, and if the
image is not completely removed, wipe a cotton pad lightl) o

al metho

s may be of use:

Long exposure decreases size of sf

adow dot

and increases size

light dots on negatives.

Overexposure increases backgroun

background density on the negatn

Pinching up of shadow values oi

Dropping out of highlight values

on negati

es indicates under

For offset surface plates, use horizon

al positiv

for chemical rever

photoengraving, use vertical positiv

for chem

ical reversing.

DARKROOM TECHNIQUES

"Picker-Upper"

Unwind V2" Scotch transparent

tape, an

sticky side out. This is a handy too

for remo

ving film from the

for lifting a corner of the film fron-

Kodaflat

Housekeeping

handling hypo to pre\

; IS imde in retouching, wipe o

jquc tor large areas.

to use a round Senefelder litho

Maintenance

found good for sev(

disc are 150 watt G.E. White Bulbs, and have been
ral years' use. No other should be used, as the proper
obtained only with these bulbs. When necessary to
to replace all at one time. When this is done, one or
ve defective in the first couple of weeks. However,

and coated with vaseline.

The mirror does not requi

e any

maintenance, and a slight haze does

""useTgukr'To^grade'm'ach,

ne'mi 1

n the reducer gear box used for driv-

ing the disc. Oil motor every

nths. The bearing on the disc is an

clless bearing.

MIXING CHEMICALS

Mix outside of darkroom

den sink. Disregard information on

package, as this method is rap

dand

simple.

For Developer: Use two wic

e-mou

h gallon jars and half fill each with

hot water, about 120°F.

Swirl the water and dump
and shake. It is important to

hate'tl

e package of A developer, put on cap
e water in motion when the chemicals

are dumped in. If properly
bottom of jar, but if a cake

done,
does

he chemicals will not form a cake in
orm, shake until it is dissolved. Add

cold water to fill, and let sta

ndun

1 the next day. No stirring necessary.

Do the same with R develo

per.

For Fixer; Proceed as above,

but us

cooler water to start— 90° to IOO°F.

Fixer may be used as soon

d, but developer should be mixed at

POSITIVE-WORKING PLATES
(Not Deep-Etch)
The Brightype will produce positives for deep-etch plates directly fr

letterpr

ssft

rm

, but thl

etch pla

tes.

posi

as the be

and th

cost

is

compara

pre-sensitized negative-working plates,

have been great advances in this field,

le plates are on the way. Pre-sensitized deep-etch plates

TECHNIQUE OF PHOTOGRAPHING SMALL
IMOUNTED CUTS

Clean a galley with negative spray thinner and lay double-sided Scotch
tape on bottom of the galley. Prepare the cuts individually, but do not spiay
them at this stage. Then press the cuts against the Scotch tape, and if they

Then spray the cuts, using both spray and air gun to get as dry a spray
as possible. If it is too wet it will craze on the Scotch tape.

surface of cuts. This technique gives a perfectly-masked background.

Cuts may also be locked up on galleys with wood furniture between
them. Spray cuts, furniture and background.

WHITE TYPE FOR TITLES

Iodine painted on any part of a positive image, wet or dry, will bleach
the image yellow, and it also stains the background. After bleaching,
immerse in fixing bath for 30 seconds only, which will clear the back-
ground, and the image will be a creamy white. This white is not entirely
opaque, but tests indicate that it is usually opaque enough. Wash in usual

IODINE FOR WHITE TYPE

Le a thick copper' shell from the mold and convert it on the Brightype
without backing it up with metal or finishing. Wet blotters on back help

COLOR SEPARATION FOR KEY LINE DRAWINGS

Key line drawings may be shot onto stable base films such as PB, Estar
and Cronar, and then contact-printed onto opaque white Dinographic CD
film, matte finish or Cronapaque. This method produces accurate material

BRIGHTYPE FILM PRODUCTS

BRIGHTYPE PAPER PRODUCTS

Made in vertical position: Used for paste-up work.

Made in horizontal position: Used for mounting in type form to produce
white type. This copy also may be used to avoid the use of a prism in
copying.

Line or halftone negative may be made directly on Brightype paper and
mounted in letterpress form.
DUSTROYER

This fan is usually installed above the door. It has an air filter to prevent
du.st from being pumped into darkroom. The air in the darkroom is kept

dust-free becau,se of the slightly-higher pressure created by the Dustroyer.
AIR SUPPLY

35 lbs. is recommended for spray guns, and 65-75 lbs. is recommended

ment may be obtained from Sears, Roebuck & Co. Model 30K1458N

spray booth.

Iodine-Cyanide Reducer
Iodine Stock Solution-

Potassium Iodide
Water to mike
Cvanide Stock Solution

\\ Iter to make
Lor Local Reduction
Iodine Stock Solution
Cyanide Stock Solution
Water
POISON— Sodium Cyanide is
Never mix with acids Discard
Farmers Reducer

t. Sodium Thiosulfate (Hypo)

iwabbmg paper to eliminate streaks, mix equal parts
: one or two ounces. Swab and wash immediately.

J

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIP.
Part No. Description

; Negative'spray

150W (for Disc

i"ugarSwitchDis
ifugal Switch Dis

Developer,
Electrotype

Kodalith Super Line,
s Rubber

Film, Koda

ithOrtho,Type3, 10

ith Ortho, Type .% U

Film, Koda

ith Ortho, Type 3, 16

Film, Koda

Film, Koda

ith Ortho, Type 3, H

Film, Kodi

ith Ortho, Type 3, 2(

ith Ortho, Type 3, 22

Film, Koda

ith Ortho. Type .3, 2t

lith Ortho, Type 3, E

rtho. Type 3, I
rtho. Type 3, I
rtho. Type 3, I

irSS
lo (for Sink), .
1 gallon size,
5 gallon size,
over & Plate CI

p, Kodak Modi

^^^^^^

J